Source Code
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These source-code files are part of a reconstructed copy of Comanche 45/2 (AKA Manche45 revision 2),
the final, flown mission release of the Apollo 10 Command Module (CM) Apollo Guidance
Computer (AGC) software. Comanche 45/2 was preceded by Comanche 44 and Comanche 45. The
reconstruction is believed to be exactly accurate, but in the absence of an actual Apollo-era
listing of Comanche 45/2, some explanation of the reconstruction process is needed
to insure confidence in that accuracy.
The starting point was the source code of Comanche 45 (itself previously accurately
reconstructed). Comanche 45 source code was then modified by incorporating changes
known from contemporary documentation to have been made between revisions 45 and 45/2.
The now-reconstructed Comanche 45/2 source code was
verified by assembling it and checking that the assembled code had
the expected known-correct memory-bank checksums.
Note that page numbers in the reconstructed code tend to match those in the Comanche 55, the
most-similar revision of Comanche for which we have access to an actual non-reconstructed hardcopy;
the source code would likely have different page numbers in a contemporary
Comanche 45 listing.
Annotations that were not present in the contemporary source code have been added to the reconstructed
code to justify each change relative to Comanche 44. Here's a guide to the Apollo documentation referenced
in those annotations:
Comments expected to have been present in the original source code are prefixed with a single '#' symbol,
whereas comments added later are prefixed by "##" or "###". Report any errors
noted by creating an
issue report at the Virtual AGC
Project's GitHub repository.
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021465,000002: ## Copyright: Public domain.
021466,000003: ## Filename: R31.agc
021467,000004: ## Purpose: A section of Manche45 revision 2.
021468,000005: ## It is part of the reconstructed source code for the
021469,000006: ## final, flown release of the flight software for the Command
021470,000007: ## Module's (CM) Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) for Apollo 10.
021471,000008: ## The code has been recreated from a copy of Comanche 055. It
021472,000009: ## has been adapted such that the resulting bugger words
021473,000010: ## exactly match those specified for Manche 45/2 in NASA drawing
021474,000011: ## 2021153D, which gives relatively high confidence that the
021475,000012: ## reconstruction is correct.
021476,000013: ## Assembler: yaYUL
021477,000014: ## Contact: Ron Burkey <info@sandroid.org>.
021478,000015: ## Website: www.ibiblio.org/apollo/index.html
021479,000016: ## Mod history: 2020-12-24 MAS Created from Comanche 45.
021480,000017:
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Page 505
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021482,000019: 34,2002 BANK 34
021483,000020: 31,2000 SETLOC R31
021484,000021: 31,2000 BANK
021485,000022:
021486,000023: 31,2000 COUNT* $$/R31
021487,000024:
021488,000025: 31,2000 35057 R31CALL CAF PRIO3
021489,000026: 31,2001 05147 TC FINDVAC
021490,000027: 31,2002 E4,1770 EBANK= SUBEXIT
021491,000028: 31,2002 02032 62064 2CADR V83CALL
021492,000029:
021493,000030: 31,2004 35041 DSPDELAY CAF 1SEC
021494,000031: 31,2005 04662 TC BANKCALL
021495,000032: 31,2006 01732 CADR DELAYJOB
021496,000033: 31,2007 31044 CA EXTVBACT
021497,000034: 31,2010 75004 MASK BIT12
021498,000035: 31,2011 00006 EXTEND
021499,000036: 31,2012 12004 BZF DSPDELAY
021500,000037:
021501,000038: 31,2013 30105 DISPN5X CA FLAGWRD9 # TEST R31FLAG (IN SUNDANCE R31FLAG WILL
021502,000039: 31,2014 75014 MASK BIT4 # ALWAYS BE SET AS R34 DOES NOT EXIST)
021503,000040: 31,2015 00006 EXTEND
021504,000041: 31,2016 12021 BZF +3
021505,000042: 31,2017 32136 CAF V16N54 # R31 USE NOUN 54
021506,000043: 31,2020 02022 TC +2
021507,000044: 31,2021 32137 CAF V16N53 # R34 USE NOUN 53
021508,000045: 31,2022 04662 TC BANKCALL
021509,000046: 31,2023 20561 CADR GOMARKF
021510,000047: 31,2024 05625 TC B5OFF
021511,000048: 31,2025 05625 TC B5OFF
021512,000049: 31,2026 12013 TCF DISPN5X
021513,000050:
021514,000051: 31,2027 06006 V83 TC INTPRET
021515,000052: 31,2030 77650 GOTO
021516,000053: 31,2031 62171 HAVEBASE # INTEG STATE VECTORS
021517,000054: 31,2032 06006 V83CALL TC INTPRET
021518,000055: 31,2033 77650 GOTO
021519,000056: 31,2034 62140 STATEXTP # EXTRAPOLATE STATE VECTORS
021520,000057: 31,2035 52375 COMPDISP VLOAD VSU
021521,000058: 31,2036 00001 RATT
021522,000059: 31,2037 02327 RONE
021523,000060: 31,2040 51406 PUSH ABVAL # RATT-RONE TO 0D PD= 6
021524,000061: 31,2041 02321 STORE RANGE # METERS B-29
021525,000062: 31,2042 77301 NORM VLOAD
021526,000063: 31,2043 00047 X1 # RATT-RONE PD= 0
021527,000064: 31,2044 77762 VSR1
021528,000065: 31,2045 53457 VSL* UNIT
021529,000066: 31,2046 20201 0,1
021530,000067: 31,2047 52315 PDVL VSU # UNIT(LOS) TO 0D PD= 6
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Page 506
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021532,000069: 31,2050 00007 VATT
021533,000070: 31,2051 02335 VONE
021534,000071: 31,2052 77641 DOT # (VATT-VONE).UNIT(LOS) PD= 0
021535,000072: 31,2053 77752 SL1
021536,000073: 31,2054 36323 STCALL RRATE # RANGE RATE M/CS B-7
021537,000074: 31,2055 47477 CDUTRIG # TO INITIALIZE FOR *NBSM*
021538,000075: 31,2056 77624 CALL
021539,000076: 31,2057 62311 R34LOS # NOTE. PDL MUST = 0.
021540,000077: 31,2060 53575 R34ANG VLOAD UNIT
021541,000078: 31,2061 02327 RONE
021542,000079: 31,2062 77715 PDVL # UR TO 0D PD= 6
021543,000080: 31,2063 15333 THISAXIS # UNITX FOR CM, UNITZ FOR LM
021544,000081: 31,2064 77214 BON VLOAD # CHK R31FLAG. ON=R31 THETA, OFF=R34 PHI
021545,000082: 31,2065 04713 R31FLAG
021546,000083: 31,2066 62070 +2 # R31-THETA
021547,000084: 31,2067 00015 12D
021548,000085: 31,2070 77624 CALL
021549,000086: 31,2071 47646 *NBSM*
021550,000087: 31,2072 41505 VXM PUSH # UXORZ TO 6D PD=12D
021551,000088: 31,2073 01736 REFSMMAT
021552,000089: 31,2074 72431 VPROJ VSL2
021553,000090: 31,2075 00001 0D
021554,000091: 31,2076 53445 BVSU UNIT
021555,000092: 31,2077 00007 6D
021556,000093: 31,2100 47315 PDVL VXV # UP/2 TO 12D PD=18D
021557,000094: 31,2101 02327 RONE
021558,000095: 31,2102 02335 VONE
021559,000096: 31,2103 47256 UNIT VXV
021560,000097: 31,2104 02327 RONE
021561,000098: 31,2105 63241 DOT PDVL # SIGN TO 12D, UP/2 TO MPAC PD=18D
021562,000099: 31,2106 00015 12D
021563,000100: 31,2107 50372 VSL1 DOT # UP.UXORZ
021564,000101: 31,2110 00007 6D
021565,000102: 31,2111 72565 SIGN SL1
021566,000103: 31,2112 00015 12D
021567,000104: 31,2113 77726 ACOS
021568,000105: 31,2114 26325 STOVL RTHETA
021569,000106: 31,2115 02327 RONE
021570,000107: 31,2116 51041 DOT BPL
021571,000108: 31,2117 00007 6D
021572,000109: 31,2120 62125 +5
021573,000110: 31,2121 44345 DLOAD BDSU # IF UXORZ.R NEG, RTHETA = 1 - RTHETA
021574,000111: 31,2122 02325 RTHETA
021575,000112: 31,2123 15343 DPPOSMAX
021576,000113: 31,2124 02325 STORE RTHETA # RTHETA BETWEEN 0 AND 1 REV.
021577,000114: 31,2125 77776 EXIT
021578,000115: 31,2126 35013 CAF BIT5 # HAVE WE BEEN ANSWERED
021579,000116: 31,2127 71044 MASK EXTVBACT
021580,000117: 31,2130 00006 EXTEND
021581,000118: 31,2131 15534 BZF ENDEXT # YES, DIE
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Page 507
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021583,000120: 31,2132 41044 CS EXTVBACT
021584,000121: 31,2133 75004 MASK BIT12
021585,000122: 31,2134 27044 ADS EXTVBACT
021586,000123:
021587,000124: 31,2135 12027 TCF V83
021588,000125: 31,2136 04066 V16N54 VN 1654
021589,000126: 31,2137 04065 V16N53 VN 1653
021590,000127:
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Page 508
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021592,000129: # STATEXTP DOES AN INITIAL PRECISION EXTRAPOLATION OF THE
021593,000130: # LEM STATE VECTOR TO PRESENT TIME OR TO PIPTIME IF AV G
021594,000131: # IS ON AND SAVES AS BASE VECTOR. IF AV G IS ON RN + VN
021595,000132: # ARE USED AS THE CM STATE VECTOR AND THE INITIAL R RDOT
021596,000133: # RTHETA ARE COMPUTED WITH NO FURTHER INTEGRATION. IF AV
021597,000134: # G IS OFF A PRECISION EXTRAPOLATION IS MADE OF THE CM
021598,000135: # STATE VECTOR TO PRESENT TIME AND.....
021599,000136:
021600,000137: # THE CM + LM STATE VECTORS ARE INTEGRATED TO PRES TIME
021601,000138: # USING PRECISION OR CONIC AS SURFFLAG IS SET OR CLEAR.
021602,000139:
021603,000140: # IF AV G IS ON THEN SUBSEQUENT PASSES WILL PROVIDE
021604,000141: # USE OF RN + VN AS CM STATE VECTOR AND THE LM STATE
021605,000142: # VECTOR WILL BE PRECISION INTEGRATED USING LEMPREC
021606,000143:
021607,000144: # IF SURFFLAG IS SET.
021608,000145: # CM STATE VECTOR RONE VONE + LM STATE VECTOR RATT
021609,000146: # VATT ARE USED IN COMPUTING R RDOT RTHETA.
021610,000147:
021611,000148:
021612,000149: 31,2140 43034 STATEXTP RTB BOF # INITIAL INTEGRATION
021613,000150: 31,2141 45510 LOADTIME
021614,000151: 31,2142 03751 V37FLAG
021615,000152: 31,2143 62146 +3 # AV G OFF, USE PRES TIME
021616,000153: 31,2144 77624 CALL
021617,000154: 31,2145 62273 GETRVN # ON, USE RN VN PIPTIME
021618,000155: 31,2146 02343 STORE BASETIME # PRES TIME OR PIPTIME
021619,000156: 31,2147 34041 STCALL TDEC1
021620,000157: 31,2150 27105 LEMPREC
021621,000158: 31,2151 77775 VLOAD # BASE VECTOR, LM
021622,000159: 31,2152 00017 RATT1
021623,000160: 31,2153 26225 STOVL BASEOTP # POS.
021624,000161: 31,2154 00025 VATT1
021625,000162: 31,2155 02241 STORE BASEOTV # VEL.
021626,000163: 31,2156 71214 BON DLOAD
021627,000164: 31,2157 03711 V37FLAG
021628,000165: 31,2160 62035 COMPDISP # COMPUTE R RDOT RTHETA FROM
021629,000166: # RONE(RN) VONE(VN) RATT+VATT(LEMPREC)
021630,000167: 31,2161 00015 TAT
021631,000168: 31,2162 34041 STCALL TDEC1
021632,000169: 31,2163 27071 CSMPREC
021633,000170: 31,2164 77775 VLOAD # BASE VECTOR, CM
021634,000171: 31,2165 00017 RATT1
021635,000172: 31,2166 26255 STOVL BASETHP # POS.
021636,000173: 31,2167 00025 VATT1
021637,000174: 31,2170 02263 STORE BASETHV # VEL.
021638,000175: 31,2171 47014 HAVEBASE BON RTB # SUBSEQUENT INTEGRATIONS
021639,000176: 31,2172 03711 V37FLAG
021640,000177: 31,2173 62256 GETRVN5
021641,000178: 31,2174 45510 LOADTIME
021642,000179: 31,2175 34041 STCALL TDEC1 # AV G OFF. SET INTEG. OF CM
021643,000180: 31,2176 27442 INTSTALL
021644,000181: 31,2177 43175 VLOAD CLEAR
021645,000182: 31,2200 02255 BASETHP
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Page 509
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021647,000184: 31,2201 00263 MOONFLAG
021648,000185: 31,2202 25535 STOVL RCV
021649,000186: 31,2203 02263 BASETHV
021650,000187: 31,2204 15543 STODL VCV
021651,000188: 31,2205 02343 BASETIME
021652,000189: 31,2206 43014 BOF SET # GET APPROPRIATE MOONFLAG SETTING
021653,000190: 31,2207 04343 MOONTHIS
021654,000191: 31,2210 62212 +2
021655,000192: 31,2211 00063 MOONFLAG
021656,000193: 31,2212 77614 CLEAR
021657,000194: 31,2213 01673 INTYPFLG
021658,000195: 31,2214 43014 BON SET
021659,000196: 31,2215 04307 SURFFLAG
021660,000197: 31,2216 62220 +2 # PREC. IF LM DOWN
021661,000198: 31,2217 01473 INTYPFLG # CONIC IF LM NOT DOWN
021662,000199: 31,2220 35517 STCALL TET
021663,000200: 31,2221 27135 INTEGRVS # INTEGRATION --- AT LAST---
021664,000201: 31,2222 77775 VLOAD
021665,000202: 31,2223 00001 RATT
021666,000203: 31,2224 26327 STOVL RONE
021667,000204: 31,2225 00007 VATT
021668,000205: 31,2226 16335 STODL VONE # GET SET FOR CONIC EXTRAP.,OTHER
021669,000206: 31,2227 00015 TAT
021670,000207: 31,2230 45014 BON CALL
021671,000208: 31,2231 04307 SURFFLAG
021672,000209: 31,2232 62267 GETRVN6 # LEMPREC IF LM DOWN
021673,000210: 31,2233 27442 INTSTALL # ..CONIC IF NOT DOWN
021674,000211: 31,2234 77614 SET
021675,000212: 31,2235 01473 INTYPFLG
021676,000213: 31,2236 00041 OTHINT STORE TDEC1 # ENTERED IF AV G ON TO INTEG LM
021677,000214: 31,2237 43175 VLOAD CLEAR
021678,000215: 31,2240 02225 BASEOTP
021679,000216: 31,2241 00263 MOONFLAG
021680,000217: 31,2242 25535 STOVL RCV
021681,000218: 31,2243 02241 BASEOTV
021682,000219: 31,2244 15543 STODL VCV
021683,000220: 31,2245 02343 BASETIME
021684,000221: 31,2246 43014 BOF SET
021685,000222: 31,2247 04343 MOONTHIS
021686,000223: 31,2250 62252 +2
021687,000224: 31,2251 00063 MOONFLAG
021688,000225: 31,2252 35517 STCALL TET
021689,000226: 31,2253 27135 INTEGRVS
021690,000227: 31,2254 77650 GOTO
021691,000228: 31,2255 62035 COMPDISP # COMPUTE R RDOT RTHETA
021692,000229: 31,2256 77624 GETRVN5 CALL # AV G ON
021693,000230: 31,2257 62273 GETRVN
021694,000231: 31,2260 45014 BON CALL
021695,000232: 31,2261 04307 SURFFLAG
021696,000233: 31,2262 62267 GETRVN6 # LM DOWN, LMPREC
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Page 510
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021698,000235: 31,2263 27442 INTSTALL
021699,000236: 31,2264 52014 CLEAR GOTO
021700,000237: 31,2265 01673 INTYPFLG
021701,000238: 31,2266 62236 OTHINT
021702,000239: 31,2267 34041 GETRVN6 STCALL TDEC1
021703,000240: 31,2270 27105 LEMPREC
021704,000241: 31,2271 77650 GOTO
021705,000242: 31,2272 62035 COMPDISP # COMPUTE R RDOT RTHETA
021706,000243: 31,2273 77620 GETRVN STQ
021707,000244: 31,2274 00000 0D
021708,000245: 31,2275 52175 VLOAD GOTO # AV G ON, RONE = RN VONE = VN
021709,000246: 31,2276 01171 RN # AND USE PIPTIME
021710,000247: 31,2277 62300 +1
021711,000248: 31,2300 36327 STCALL RONE
021712,000249: 31,2301 62302 +1
021713,000250: 31,2302 52175 VLOAD GOTO
021714,000251: 31,2303 01177 VN
021715,000252: 31,2304 62305 +1
021716,000253: 31,2305 16335 STODL VONE
021717,000254: 31,2306 01205 PIPTIME
021718,000255: 31,2307 77650 GOTO
021719,000256: 31,2310 00000 0D
021720,000257: 31,2000 SETLOC R34
021721,000258: 31,2000 BANK
021722,000259: 31,2311 77776 R34LOS EXIT
021723,000260: 31,2312 30036 CA CDUS
021724,000261: 31,2313 50120 INDEX FIXLOC
021725,000262: 31,2314 54011 TS 9D
021726,000263: 31,2315 30035 CA CDUT
021727,000264: 31,2316 50120 INDEX FIXLOC
021728,000265: 31,2317 54013 TS 11D
021729,000266: 31,2320 30120 CA FIXLOC
021730,000267: 31,2321 66211 AD SIX
021731,000268: 31,2322 40000 COM
021732,000269: 31,2323 50120 INDEX FIXLOC
021733,000270: 31,2324 54046 TS X1
021734,000271: 31,2325 06006 TC INTPRET
021735,000272: 31,2326 77624 CALL
021736,000273: 31,2327 46000 SXTNB
021737,000274: 31,2330 34015 STCALL 12D
021738,000275: 31,2331 62060 R34ANG
End of include-file R31.agc. Parent file is MAIN.agc